Chronic power problems impede growth and productivity in more than 30 African countries. Inadequate generation capacity, limited electrification, low demand for power, unreliable service, and skyrocketing prices cause serious bottlenecks in the sector. To remove those bottlenecks, countries would have to spend $40 billion annually over 10 years and take decisive steps to improve the efficiency of power utilities. A sound regional system for trading power is the key to harnessing the continent’s hydropower potential and expanding the use of other efficient generating technologies.