In Africa, the reach of mobile telephones has grown at an impressive rate since the mid-1990s, yet aggregate figures on mobile phone use mask wide variations between and within countries. In the area of fixed-line telephones, progress has been scant, and several challenges block the expansion of broadband Internet services. What have been the key drivers of change in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in recent years? And what reforms are needed to stimulate further growth?